lokZf/kdkj
'khry izdk'ku
okrkZ % uQs
flag xkao fcykliqj dk jgus okyk gSA Hkkjr esa ukSdjh ugha feyh rks ns ys ds
bjkd lu~ 1988 esa pyk tkrk gSA igys bjkd ij geys esa Hkh og ogka FkkA mldh ?kjokyh
ljrks xkao esa gh gSA uQs flag vc fQj ns[krk gS vejhdk dh nknkfxjh dk [ksyA
vius nksLr veu ls pjpk djrk gSA vejhdh jk"Vªifr tktZ cq'k us bjkd ds
f[kykQ ,d rjQ ;q) dk ,syku dj j[kk gSA la;qDr jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn~ ds
fu;eksa vkSj vuqjks/kksa dks Hkh rkd ij j[kdj vejhdk bjkd ij /kok cksyus dh
?kks"k.k,a dj jgk gSA iwjh nqfu;k esa dsoy fczVsu gh vejhdk dk iSjksdkj
cuk gqvk gSA nwljh vksj la;qDr jk"Vª ds gfFk;kj fujh{kd ny dks bjkd esa
tu&lagkjd gfFk;kjksa dh ekStwnxh dk dksbZ lcwr ugha feyk gSA bjkd dh turk
esa lkEiznkf;d leqnk;ksa ds erHksnksa dks vejhdk gok nsrk jgrk gSA D;k crk;k
dfo us Hkyk %
;w
,u vks drh i<+.k fcBknh dj fn;k xqM+ dk jkyk jSAA
dgS
ftldh ykBh HkSal mlh dh jksi~;k eksV~Vk pkyk jSAA
fujh{k.k
desVh uS bjkd tek nks"kh ugha ik;k jS
,d
rjQk geys dk vejhdk uS fcxqy ctk;k jS
>wBk
izpkj QSyk;k jS dgS bjkd dk eSa #[kkyk jSAA
lkjh
nqfu;k [kM+h dj nh ekSr ds vkt fdukjs iS
egk?kksj
izy; gks T;kxh cq'k ds ,d b'kkjs iS
Qkalh
ykbZ bjkd cspkjs iS uk
gks tax dk Vkyk jSAA
vejhdh
lsuk uS tqyeh Iyku D;ksa cuk;k crk
lkjk
lalkj lsuk ds ne iS buS D;ksa Mjk;k crk
Ny iziap D;ksa jpk;k crk cqu edM+h dk tkyk
jSAA
rsy
Hk.Mkjka iS dCtk ;ks vejhdk tekuk pkgoS
ln~nke
;k ekurk dks.;k T;ka bluS Hktkuk pkgoS
j.kchj
flag djkuk pkgoS vejhdk dk eqag dkyk jSAA
okrkZ
% ljrks lqcg dk dke djds pkjikbZ ij cSB dj v[kckj i<+us yxrh gSA vejhdk
dks cq'k dk ,syku bjkd ds f[kykQ i<+rh gS rks uQsflag dh cgksr ;kn vkrh gSA
og i<+rh gS fd vejhdk dk ;g nkok fd bjkd ds f[kykQ tax vkradokn ds f[kykQ
vUrjkZ"Vªh; vfHk;ku dk fgLlk gS] lQsn >wB gSA ;g izpkj Hkh xyr gS fd
bjkd if'peh nqfu;k ds fy, cM+k Hkkjh QkSth [krjk gSA lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd vejhdk
lHkh veu ilUn xjhc ns'kksa ds fy, [krjk cuk gqvk gSA og iwjh nqfu;k dks /kedk
jgk gS] 'ks[kh [kksjh fn[kk jgk gS vkSj ?ke.M esa pwj gSA lp rks ;g gS fd
vejhdk ds ikl nqfu;k ds lcls ?kkrd gfFk;kjksa dk t[khjk gSA og D;k lksprh gS
Hkyk &
bjkd
ds f[kykiQ tax ds D;ksa ikxy ?kksM+s NksM+ fn;sAA
ln~nke
iS rksgen yxkdS eqag rksika ds D;ksa eksM+ fn;sAA
dCtk
djuk bjkd ds mij ;k ;q) dh tM+ eSa nh[kS
rsy
ds cnys [kwu cgkuk ekeyk xM+cM+ eSa nh[kS
cEcka
dh vdM+ eSa nh[kS xjhc ns'kka ds eqag QksM+ fn;sAA
vkt
ryd uk
ns[ks lqus bls gfFk;kj fiuk jk[kS
dgS
nks fnuka eSa lh/kk dj n~;wa bjkd uS ia[k QSyk jk[kS
cq'k
uS ;s ns'k Hkdk jk[kS db;ka ds ckag ejksM+ fn;sAA
dgS
cq'k tks vejhdk pkgoS oks djdS uS fn[kkoS xk
ln~nke
?k.kk vk.Mh ikdS bluS lgh lcd fl[kkoSxk
bjkd
uS /wky pVkoSxk ;s ?kkVs uQs lc tksM+ fy;sAA
cxnkn
rckg djdS uS yaxksV ?kqek;k pkgoS lS
nkuo
vkyk :i ;kS vi.kk Ny rS fNik;k pkgoS lS
j.kchj
uS nck;k pkgoS lS dk<+ lgh fupksM+ fy;sAA
okrkZ
% uQsflag dh fpV~Bh ugha vkbZA ljrks dks fpUrk gksus yxrh gSA tax vktdy esa
gksus okyk gSA Vh-oh- ij ijek.kq ce ds [krjs dh Hkh ckr pyrh gS fd lc dqN rckg
gks tk,xkA og uQsflag dks cgqr ;kn djrh gS vkSj eu esa D;k lksprh gS Hkyk %
ijek.kq
cEc dgSa fi;k nqfu;ka eSa rckgh epk nsxkAA
ijek.kq
dh vfXu ekjS D;wdj ;ks Hkxoku cpk nsxkAA
/kekdk
gksoS xjeh NkT;k 'kgj jk[k gks T;ka ty dS
rckg
ekuork gks T;kxh [kre taxy gksT;k cy dS
lalkj
cpkuk gksT;k jy dS vejhdk vkx yxk nsxkAA
/kqa,
dh ijr dk dkEcy vkleku eSa vk T;kxk
lwjt
dh jks'kuh uS pwlS ?ku?kksj vU/ksjk NkT;kxk
?k.kk
cSjh Bkjk [kkT;kxk tho tUrw uS xyk nsxkAA
cjQ
rS lhyh gksoS /kjrh mrj rS nf{k.k ygj pyS
mrj
dk ftc uk'k gksoS ugha nf{k.k dk dgj VyS
iwjk
xkao vkSj 'kgj xyS Qsj [ksrh dkS.k mxk nsxkAA
[kk.ks
dh psu leqUnz eSa rgl ugl HkkbZ gks T;kxh
ekuo
isM+ vkSj ikS/;ka dh Hkw[k esa rckgh gks T;kxh
cps
uS chekjh ekbZ [kksT;kxh j.kchj dkS.k ftoknsxkAA
okrkZ
% uQsflag dks ljrks dh fy[kh fpV~Bh feyrh gSA ljrks us uQsflag ds fy, fpUrk
trkbZ gSA og fy[krk gS fd igys geys ds ckn ls bjkd ij izfrcU/k yxk gSA 5 yk[k
cPps Hkw[k ds dkj.k o chekjh esa nokbZ dh deh ds dkj.k ej pqds gSaA fiNys geys
ls gh bjkd mcj ugha ik;k gSA bjkd ds rsy dks nwljs ns'kksa esa Hkstus ij jksd
gSA ijUrq fQj Hkh yksx ln~nke dks cgqr pkgrs gSaA gka dqnZ yksx rFkk ,dk/k
lEiznk; ds yksx t:j ln~nke dks nwljh utj ls ns[krs gSaA bjkd ds yksx o ln~nke
os ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa og fy[k dj Hkstrk gSA
/ku&/ku
lS ln~nke ruS] cq'k dh Fkkeh yxke ruS
fo'o
;kn djS reke ruS] ;ks rsjk uke vej gksX;kAA
nksxyh
uhfr vejhdk dh] /kkSal iV~Vh vejhdk dh
cq'k
uS MaMs dk tksj fn[kk;k] bjkd fcuk ckr pksj crk;k
ruS
la?k"kZ dk nkSj fl[kk;k] ;ks rsjk uke gksX;kAA
vejhdk
dh lsuk Hkkjh lS] cs'kjeh pkSM+s eSa fn[kkjh lS
bjkd
>qdkuk vklku dM+S] cq'k ruS ;ks mueku dM+S
Qkalh
rS ej;k ln~nke dM+S] mldk uke vej gksX;kAA
ln~nke
uS gal dS Qkalh [kkbZ] udkc vks<.k dh djh eukgh
nqfu;k
rS fn;k lgh iSxke] cq'k rks pkgrk rsy reke
vejhdk
dS dlks yxke] ;ks rsjk uke vej gksX;kAA
bjkdh
cgknqjh fn[kkoSaxs] dksU;k viuk 'kh'k >qdkoSaxs
j.kchj
flag dk xke cjksuk] fl[;k eqf'dy NUn fijksuk
vejhdk
dk dke f?kuksuk] ;s rsjk uke vej gksX;kAA
okrkZ %
ln~nke dks Qkalh dh ltk lqukbZ xbZ rks ljrks dks cgqr cqjk yxrk gSA fQj vxys
fnu [kcj vkrh gS fd dksbZ nyhy] vihy ugha ekuh xbZ vkSj Qkalh dk oDr r; dj fn;k
x;kA 30 fnlEcj dks Vh-oh- ij Qkalh dk lhu ns[krh gS rks jks iM+rh gS ljrks vkSj
D;k dgrh gS %
ln~nke
uS iwjk bjkd pkgoS] uQsflag ugha >wB HkdkoS]
,dk/k
cS dqnk± iS tqye
turk
[kkrj iwjh gennhZ] vejhdk nh[kS mluS [kqnxthZ
fczVsu
Qzkal teZuh lkjs dS] dgSa ;q) er Fkksiks Egkjs iS
dV~Bs
gksa ln~nke ds b'kkjs iS] ;kgs lS vlyh rlohj xksjhAA
ns'k
Hkhrj canj ckaV epkdS] dqnk± xsY;k ln~nke yM+okdS
vejhdk
pkgrk eSa cSBwa vkdS] ;kgs rks lS rlohj xksjhAA
ij
bjkdh cgknqjh fn[kkoSa] dksU;k viuk 'kh'k >qdkoSa
nqfu;k
jksdSxh ;q) ?kelku] jke jghe vkSj jgeku
'kkfUr
dk djrs xq.kxku] ;kgs lS vlyh rlohj xksjhAA
vejhdk
dh lsuk Nkjh lS] tqyeksa flre ;k
bjkd
nckuk vklku dksU;k] cq'k uS ;ks mueku dksU;k
j.kchj
'kSrku lS bUlku dksU;k] ;kgs lS vlyh rlohj xksjhAA
okrkZ
% ,d fnu fcykliqj xkao esa Kku foKku lfefr ds ppkZ e.My dh cSBd gksrh gSA
mlesa ppkZ vejhdk dh nknkxhjh ij gksrh gSA ogka crkrs gSa fd vejhdk cuke
'ks"k fo'o dk ekeyk gS ;g! vejhdk fdlh Hkh dher ij bjkd esa ljdkj ifjorZu
pkgrk gSA lu~ 1991 ls vUrghu ;q) bjkd ds f[kykQ pyk;k tk jgk gSA ml ;q) esa
vejhdk ds yM+kdw foekuksa vkSj felkbyksa us 1]10]000 gokbZ mM+kusa Hkjh Fkh
vkSj 88]500 Vu ce fxjk;s FksA ml ;q) esa 1]50]000 bjkdh ekjs x;s FksA ?kj]
vLirky] Ldwy dqN Hkh ugha c['kk FkkA ekeyk vejhdk vkSj bjkd dk ugha gSA elyk ;s
gS fd iwjh nqfu;k esa veu cjkcjh vkSj ekuork oknh ewY;ksa dks LFkkfir djuk gS
;k vejhdk dk xyck dk;e gksuk gSA okfil vkrs gq, ljrks vius eu&eu esa uQsflag
dks ;kn djrh gS vkSj D;k lksprh gS Hkyk %
vejhdk
euS crkns uS D;ksa gq;k blk vU;kbZ rwaAA
bjkd
ns'k uS feVkdS uS fdldh pkgoS HkykbZ rwaAA
[kqn
gfFk;kj t[khjs ysj;k vksjka iS jksd yxkoS
nl
lky rS ikcUnh ykdS bjkd uS Hkw[kk ekjuk pkgoS
eruk
brus tqye dekoS c.kdS cdj dlkbZ rwaAA
tehuh
yM+kbZ fcuk rsjS bjkd gkFk ugha vk.ks dk
bjkd
[kre djs fcuk uk
tehuh dCtk F;k.ks dk
xk.kk
lgh xk.ks dk D;ksa nq'eu c.;k tekbZ rwaAA
[kwu
eqag dS ykX;k rsjS fQj vQxkfuLrku ds eka
ekuork
drh i<+.k fcBknh ruS lkjs tgku ds eka
cph
lS bUlku ds eka ;k [kRe djS vPNkbZ rwaAA
lc
ns'kka eSa ukjs mBs tax geuS pkfg;s uk
rsy
dh [kkrj vks ikih ygw ekuork dk cgkb;s uk
vkxS
QkSt c<+kb;s uk
cl dj.kh NksM+ cqjkbZ rwaAA
okrkZ
% ljrks dks Kku foKku okyksa dk fueU=k.k feyrk gS jksgrd vkus dk] vejhdk ds
f[kykQ ;q) ds fojks/k esa tqywl esa 'kkfey gksus dkA ljrks viuh lgsyh ljkst ds
lkFk ekuljksoj ikdZ esa igqap tkrh gSA ogka Kku foKku dh usrk 'kqHkk crkrh gS
fd ge le>rs gSa fd Kku vkSj foKku dk iz;ksx nqfu;k dks csgrj cukus ds fy,]
t:jrksa dks iwjk djus esa gksuk pkfg;s u fd muds Hkfo"; dks Nhuus ds fy,A
gSjkuh dh ckr ;g gS fd ;q)]vkrad] fgalk vkSj u'ks dk iwjh nqfu;k esa tky fcNkus
okyk vejhdk nwljs ns'kksa dks nf.Mr dj jgk gS] mu ij vkfFkZd izfrcU/k yxk jgk
gS] rykf'k;ka ys jgk gS vkSj Qros tkjh dj jgk gSA
,d
losZ{k.k ds vuqlkj 65 izfr'kr vesfjdk turk lqj{kk ifj"kn dh vuqefr ds fcuk
geys dk fojks/k djrh gSA cq'k iz'kklu bjkd ij O;kid fouk'k ds gfFk;kjksa dks
j[kus vkSj bu gfFk;kjksa ds mRiknu dh lgwfy;rksa dks fNikus dk vkjksi yxk jgk
gSA nwljk >wB gS fd fcuk fdlh FkksM+s ls lcwr ds bjkdh ljdkj dks vydk;nk ls
tksM+us dh dksf'k'k esa gS rkfd mls geyk djus dk cgkuk fey ldsA rhljk >wB ;g
gS fd cq'k us ?kks"k.kk dh gS fd bjkd dks mlds jk"Vªifr ln~nke gqlSu
dh fujadq'krk ls eqDr djkus ds fy, ;q) dh t:jr gSA bl ljdkj dks cny dj bjkd esa
turU=k ykxw djus dk ok;nk fd;k x;k gSA
bjkd
ij geys ds cgkus [kkst jgk gS vejhdkA exj nqfu;k dh turk us lM+dksa ij vkdj crk
fn;k fd gesa ;q) ugha pkfg;sA ljrks okfil vk tkrh gSA jkr dks mls liuk vkrk gSA
lqcg og viuh ftBkuh ls lqius dk ftdj djrh gSA D;k crkrh gS Hkyk %
ds
crkma ftBkuh ruS rsjk nsoj lius Egka vk;k jhAA
ns[k
dS gkyr mldh vkbZ ugha igpku ds Egka dk;k jhAA
fc[kjs
fc[kjs cky Fks mlds ewaN vkSj nk<+h c<+h gqbZ
uhan
,d xkM~Mh p<+h gqbZ ?k.kh fpUrk ds Egka ik;k jhAA
cSBh
gksys U;ksa cksY;k tax ds iwjs vklkj gksxs
lkjh
nqfu;k ;q) uk
pkgoS vejhdh eDdkj gksxs
ek.kl
yk[kka gtkj gksaxs feydS lcus ukjk yk;k jhAA
pha
djdS tgkt gokbZ vkleku eSa vkUrk fn[;k
cVu
nkc dS cEc xsj;k ifr euS djkgUrk fn[;k
njn
eSa fpYykUrk fn[;k muS gkFk gok eSa Bk;k jhAA
bruk
ns[k dS euS viuh Nkrh iS gkFk fQjk ns[;k
vka[k
m?kM+xh esjh ?kcjkdS ?kksj vU/sjk fujk ns[;k
j.kchj
flag uS f?kjk ns[;k rqjr enn dS Egka vk;k jhAA
okrkZ
% uQsflag mldk nksLr vej vkSj rhu&pkj bjkd fuoklh vkil esa pjpk dj jgs
gSaA uQs flag dgrk gS fd vejhdk bjkd ij geyk djds mlds rsy ds Jksrksasa ij dCtk
djuk pkgrk gS vkSj iwjs ,f'k;k esa vejhdk fgrksa dks vkxs c<+kuk pkgrk gSA
ln~nke gqlSu dks gVkdj viuh fiV~Bw ljdkj Fkksaius dk ealwck vejhdk us cuk fy;k
yxrk gSA bjkd ds ckn mÙkjh dksfj;k dks Hkh lcd fl[kkus dk ,syku fd;k gSA vly
esa vejhdk iwjh nqfu;k esa viuk xyck dk;e djuk pkgrk gSA D;k crk;k dfo us %
QkSt
ds ne iS cq'k uS vejhdk uEcj ,d cuk;kAA
pkSngk
yk[k lrjk gtkj dk feyVªh csM+k dlwr ltk;kAA
pkyhl
rS ysdS vkt rkfga dk iSaVkxu dk [kjpk fx.kkma
mUuhl
fVªfy;u Mkyj [kpsZ lqfu;ks lc [kksy lq.kkma
vkxys
pkj lky eSa ,d fVªfy;e Mkyj [kpZ crkma
lkjh
nqfu;k eqV~Bh eSa djys >qdrs lcds flj fn[kkma
cksY;k
[kcjnkj tks fdlS uS Egkjs dkeka eSa jksM+k vVdk;kAA
vejhdk
DS ljek;s nkjka dh taxh QkSt :[kky djSxh
buDS
equkQS cpko.k uS ;k nqfu;k uS daxky djSxh
bu
cjxs gfFk;kj ftuiS mudh iwjh iM+rky djSxh
dj
nqfu;k dh e.Mh dkcw vejhdk uS ekykseky djSxh
iSaVkxu
DS /ksakl iS lalkj ds Egka yaxksV ?kqek;kAA
tax
dh e'khuka mij [kjpk bluS [kwc c<+k;k vkt
pkj
lkS fcfy;u Mkyj dk [kjpk ctV cuk;k vkt
ftu
ns'kka uS ch vka[k mBkbZ mudks lcd fl[kk;k vkt
vejhdk
uS nqfu;k rkfga ekuork dk ikB i<+k;k vkt
cq'k
cksY;k tkfgy txr rS fodkl dk lcdk fl[kk;kAA
,d
dh mls ckr ij ns[kh [kwc yM+kbZ djrh jS
nwts
dh mls ckr ij ns[kh ?k.kh cqjkbZ djrh jS
dbZ
cS tkye QkSt mldh ?k.kh va?kkbZ djrh jS
nwts
ds gfFk;kj ns[kSa uk
viuh lQkbZ djrh jS
j.kchj
flag lkph fy[kS uk
>wBk dk lkFk fuHkk;kAA
okrkZ
% ljrks v[kckj esa i<+rh gS fd 1998 ls bjkd dks cqfu;knh rkSj ij
'kL=kfoghu dj fn;k x;kA bjkd dh O;kid fouk'k ds gfFk;kjksa dh 90&95 izfr'kr
{kerk dks [kRe dj fn;k x;k gS ftldh iqf"V dh tk ldrh gSA blesa jklk;fud]
tSfod vkSj ukfHkdh; gfFk;kj cukus rFkk yEch nwjh dh cSfyfLVd felkbyksa dk
fuekZ.k djus okyh lHkh QSfDVª;ksa ls lEcfU/r midj.k vkSj bu QSfDVª;ksa ls ckgj
vkus okys mRiknksa dh Hkkjh la[;k 'kkfey gSA ljrks lksprh gS fd bl lcds ckotwn
vejhdk D;ksa vM+k gqvk gS geys djus ijA mldh vius nsoj ls ppkZ gksrh gSA nsoj
vius
tek
T;ku rS ekjs nsoj vejhdk vU;kbZ uSAA
HkkHkh
rsjk ds [kksL;k lS ds nq[k ljrks HkjikbZ uSAA
bl
lky dk lq.kys feyVªh dk [kpZ fx.kkma
cs
muekuk [kpZ gqvk bu gfFk;kjksa iS fn[kkma
dekbZ
[kwu ilhus dh ywVS lS vejhdk crkm
uk'k
gq;k lq.kkma cq'k ds tkuS ihj ijkbZ uSAA
bjkd
ds Egka ds gksj;k lS euS lkjh [kksy crkns
D;ksa
cq'k vkSj ln~nke fHkM+s fdldh jksy crkns
HkkHkh
D;ksa nq[kh gksjh lS ckr lgh rksy crkns
fdlds
xyr cksy crkns fn[kk [kksy cqjkbZ uSAA
Vh-oh-
v[kckj #Dds ekjSa esjs iS D;ksa dqgkoS lS
vkgeh
lkgeh dM+S lsuk ,d rjQk /kSakl tekoS lS
mYVk
lqYVk lqYVk mYVk bjkd uS ;ks QalkoS lS
lc
uS lcd fl[kkoS lS ln~nke dh dj fiVkbZ uSAA
gkyh
ikuh vkSj yaQxs geuS yM+rs ns[ks Fks
Mkdw
Qheph j.kchj /kDdk djrs ns[ks Fks
lq/kka
[kkslM+;ka nwtS iS ns'k uk
p<+rs ns[ks Fks
;s
xq.Ms uk
iqtrs ns[ks Fks pesyh /kkika eka tkbZ uSAA
okrkZ
% ljrks dks fpV~Bh fy[kus dh rS;kjh djrk gS uQsflagA og fy[krk gS fd bjkd ij
geyk djds vesfjdk fo'o dks ;g crkuk pkgrk gS fd dksbZ Hkh ns'k ;fn egk'kfDr dh
bPNk dk mYya?ku djus dh dksf'k'k djsxk rks naM ls ugha cp ldrkA ckdh ;gka ge
vius cpko dh iwjh rS;kjh esa gSaA rqe fpUrk er djuk] exj fpV~Bh fy[krh jgukA
D;k fy[krk gS Hkyk %
ugha
dks, fpV~Bh vkbZ rsjh vkUrk esjS lcj ugha lSAA
ds
gksj;k lS esjh xsY;ka bldh ruS [kcj ugha lSAA
Bhd
Bkd lgh lyker lwa fQdj esjk dfj;s eruk
i<+
v[kckjka uS lqcks lcsjh [kke[kk eSa Mfj;s eruk
fpUrk
xkr eSa Hkfj;s eruk vkPNk ?k.kk fQdj ugha lSAA
ihLlk
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dh chekjh dk jkt lcuS le>kmaxhAA
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lS yxke ruS pkcqd rsjS yxkmaxhAA
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dk cSjh lS rwa bldk euS csjk crkma
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